Name : Triandika Rahman
Class : 4EA09
NPM :
17212470
English Business 2
What is
supply chain management?
Supply chain management (SCM) is the combination of art and
science that goes into improving the way your company finds the raw components
it needs to make a product or service and deliver it to customers. The
following are five basic components of SCM.
1. Plan—This is the strategic portion of SCM.
Companies need a strategy for managing all the resources that go toward meeting
customer demand for their product or service. A big piece of SCM planning is
developing a set of metrics to monitor the supply chain so that it is
efficient, costs less and delivers high quality and value to customers.
2. Source—Next, companies must choose suppliers
to deliver the goods and services they need to create their product. Therefore,
supply chain managers must develop a set of pricing, delivery and payment
processes with suppliers and create metrics for monitoring and improving the
relationships. And then, SCM managers can put together processes for managing
their goods and services inventory, including receiving and verifying
shipments, transferring them to the manufacturing facilities and authorizing
supplier payments.
3. Make—This is the manufacturing step. Supply
chain managers schedule the activities necessary for production, testing,
packaging and preparation for delivery. This is the most metric-intensive
portion of the supply chain—one where companies are able to measure quality
levels, production output and worker productivity.
4. Deliver—This is the part that many SCM
insiders refer to as logistics, where companies coordinate the receipt of
orders from customers, develop a network of warehouses, pick carriers to get
products to customers and set up an invoicing system to receive payments.
5. Return—This can be a problematic part of the
supply chain for many companies. Supply chain planners have to create a
responsive and flexible network for receiving defective and excess products
back from their customers and supporting customers who have problems with
delivered products.
What does supply chain management software do?
Supply chain management software is possibly the
most fractured group of software applications on the planet. Each of the five
major supply chain steps previously outlined is comprised of dozens of specific
tasks, many of which have their own specific software. Some vendors have
assembled many of these different chunks of software together under a single
roof, but no one has a complete
package that is right for every company. For example, most companies need to
track demand, supply, manufacturing status, logistics (i.e. where things are in
the supply chain), and distribution. They also need to share data with supply
chain partners at an ever increasing rate. While products from large ERP
vendors like SAP's Advanced Planner and Optimizer (APO) can perform many or all
of these tasks, because each industry's supply chain has a unique set of
challenges, many companies decide to go with targeted best of breed products
instead, even if some integration is an inevitable consequence.
It's worth mentioning that the old adage about systems only
being as good as the information that they contain applies doubly to SCM. If
the information entered into a demand forecasting application is not accurate,
then you will get an inaccurate forecast. Similarly, if employees bypass the
supply chain systems and try to manage things manually (using the fax machine
or spreadsheets), then even the most expensive systems will provide an
incomplete picture of what is happening in a company's supply chain.
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar