5. CV

Name  : Triandika Rahman

Class   : 4EA09

NPM   : 17212470

English Business 2

What is a CV?

CV stands for curriculum vitae, which is Latin for 'course of life'. It is a summary of your experience, skills and education.

In the USA and Canada it is known as a résumé - this is the French word for summary.

How long should a CV be?

A standard CV in the UK should ideally be no longer than two sides of A4. Some academic CVs may be longer depending on your experience.

What should I include in my CV?

Your CV needs to be packed with relevant information to help an employer make the decision to hire you. It should include:

• contact details - include full name, address, mobile phone number and email address;
• education - list and date all previous education, placing the most recent highest up the page. Include any professional qualifications;
• referees - two people who can provide positive comments on your previous employment or experiences;
• skills - for example, the ability to work in a team, manage people, customer service skills, or specific IT skills;
• work experience - this can be internships, voluntary roles or previous jobs. Add the most recent/relevant positions and examples of tasks.

What should I leave out of my CV?

You should exclude the following information from your CV:

• the term curriculum vitae or résumé - CV will suffice in the UK;
• a photo - unless you're applying for an acting or modelling job;
• date of birth or place of birth - this is unnecessary and can lead to identity theft.

An important point for those posting their CVs online: don't include your home address, as you could be targeted by fraudsters.

Do I need to add a profile?

You don't have to add a personal profile but it will help your CV stand out.

Placed at the beginning of the CV, a profile is a concise statement that highlights your key attributes or reasons for deciding to work in a particular field. Pick out a few relevant achievements and skills, while clearly articulating your career aims.

It must focus on the sector you are applying to, as your cover letter will be job-specific. You should keep it short and snappy - 200 words is the perfect length for a personal profile.

This section of your CV is also known as a personal statement, career summary, career aim or simply a profile.

Do I list work experience or education first?

If you're a recent graduate and don't have much relevant work experience then it will be best to begin with your education. The opposite would apply if you have plenty of relevant experience.

For a template, head to example CVs.

Should I include hobbies in my CV?

It's not compulsory to include hobbies in your CV, but you may want to mention any that are relevant to the job you're applying for. An example might be volunteering as a sports coach, or learning a language in your spare time.

Generic examples such as reading, going to the cinema, or listening to music are not worth including.

How do I write a great CV?

There are many ways to create an exceptional CV, but for a solid foundation, concentrate on four main points:

• Grammar - there should be no mistakes in your CV. Use a spell checker and enlist a second pair of eyes to check over the text. Try and include as many active words as possible to increase the impact of your CV. Use active verbs to replace passive verbs and nouns wherever possible. For example, you could include targeted words like 'created', 'analysed'; and 'devised' to present yourself as a person that shows initiative.
• Layout - place your most attractive skills and talents towards the top of your CV to boost your chances of impressing an employer. The same rule applies to listing grades - always place your highest grade first.
• Presentation - keep your CV neat and make sure it is easy on the eye. Bullet points should be used to tidy up any lists. Your choice of font can have more impact than you might think. The University of Kent careers service suggest using 10 point Verdana or Lucida Sans with a larger typeface for headings and sub-headings. You should always avoid Comic Sans.
• Style - there a various types of CV you can employ. Think carefully about what style will suit your needs. For templates, take a look at example CVs.

Rise to the top of the job pile with a professionally written CV and a free CV review from The CV Centre.

What are the consequences of lying on my CV?

Never lie on your CV or job application. Not only will you demonstrate your dishonesty to a potential employer, but there can be serious consequences too. For example, altering your degree grade from a 2:2 to a 2:1 is classed as degree fraud and can result in a prison sentence.

Do I need to explain gaps in my CV?

You must always inform a potential employer of a gap in your CV to avoid it being misinterpreted.

In your cover letter, you can provide an explanation for this career gap.

Do I need to write a cover letter?

You should always include a cover letter unless the employer states otherwise. It will enable you to personalise your application to the job. You can draw attention to a particular part of your CV, disclose a disability or clarify gaps in your work history.

Find out how to write a persuasive cover letter.

Get help with your CV

If you are a student or recent graduate then you can get professional CV advice from your university careers and employability service.

4. Quality Management

Name  : Triandika Rahman

Class   : 4EA09

NPM   : 17212470

English Business 2

Quality Management

Quality management is a recent phenomenon but very important for an organisation. Advanced civilizations that supported the arts and crafts allowed clients to choose goods meeting higher quality standards rather than normal goods. In societies where arts and crafts are the responsibility of master craftsmen or artists, these masters would lead their studios and train and supervise others. The importance of craftsmen diminished as mass production and repetitive work practices were instituted. The aim was to produce large numbers of the same goods. The first proponent in the US for this approach was Eli Whitney who proposed (interchangeable) parts manufacture for muskets, hence producing the identical components and creating a musket assembly line. The next step forward was promoted by several people including Frederick Winslow Taylor, a mechanical engineer who sought to improve industrial efficiency. He is sometimes called "the father of scientific management." He was one of the intellectual leaders of the Efficiency Movement and part of his approach laid a further foundation for quality management, including aspects like standardization and adopting improved practices. Henry Ford was also important in bringing process and quality management practices into operation in his assembly lines. In Germany, Karl Friedrich Benz, often called the inventor of the motor car, was pursuing similar assembly and production practices, although real mass production was properly initiated in Volkswagen after World War II. From this period onwards, North American companies focused predominantly upon production against lower cost with increased efficiency.

Walter A. Shewhart made a major step in the evolution towards quality management by creating a method for quality control for production, using statistical methods, first proposed in 1924. This became the foundation for his ongoing work on statistical quality control. W. Edwards Deming later applied statistical process control methods in the United States during World War II, thereby successfully improving quality in the manufacture of munitions and other strategically important products.

Quality leadership from a national perspective has changed over the past five to six decades. After the second world war, Japan decided to make quality improvement a national imperative as part of rebuilding their economy, and sought the help of Shewhart, Deming and Juran, amongst others. W. Edwards Deming championed Shewhart's ideas in Japan from 1950 onwards. He is probably best known for his management philosophy establishing quality, productivity, and competitive position. He has formulated 14 points of attention for managers, which are a high level abstraction of many of his deep insights. They should be interpreted by learning and understanding the deeper insights. These 14 points include key concepts such as:

·         Break down barriers between departments

·         Management should learn their responsibilities, and take on leadership

·         Supervision should be to help people and machines and gadgets to do a better job

·         Improve constantly and forever the system of production and service

·         Institute a vigorous program of education and self-improvement

In the 1950s and 1960s, Japanese goods were synonymous with cheapness and low quality, but over time their quality initiatives began to be successful, with Japan achieving very high levels of quality in products from the 1970s onward. For example, Japanese cars regularly top the J.D. Power customer satisfaction ratings. In the 1980s Deming was asked by Ford Motor Company to start a quality initiative after they realized that they were falling behind Japanese manufacturers.

A number of highly successful quality initiatives have been invented by the Japanese (see for example on this pages: Genichi Taguchi, QFD, Toyota Production System). Many of the methods not only provide techniques but also have associated quality culture (i.e. people factors). These methods are now adopted by the same western countries that decades earlier derided Japanese methods.

Customers recognize that quality is an important attribute in products and services. Suppliers recognize that quality can be an important differentiator between their own offerings and those of competitors (quality differentiation is also called the quality gap). In the past two decades this quality gap has been greatly reduced between competitive products and services. This is partly due to the contracting (also called outsourcing) of manufacture to countries like India and China, as well internationalization of trade and competition. These countries amongst many others have raised their own standards of quality in order to meet International standards and customer demands. The ISO 9000 series of standards are probably the best known International standards for quality management.

There are a huge number of books available on quality management. In recent times some themes have become more significant including quality culture, the importance of knowledge management, and the role of leadership in promoting and achieving high quality. Disciplines like systems thinking are bringing more holistic approaches to quality so that people, process and products are considered together rather than independent factors in quality management.

The influence of quality thinking has spread to non-traditional applications outside of walls of manufacturing, extending into service sectors and into areas such as sales,marketing and customer service.

3. Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

Name  : Triandika Rahman

Class   : 4EA09

NPM   : 17212470

English Business 2

What is CRM?

CRM (customer relationship management) includes all aspects of interactions that a company has with its customers, whether it is sales or service-related. While the phrase customer relationship management is most commonly used to describe a business-customer relationship (B2C), CRM is also used to manage business to business (B2B) relationships. Information tracked in a CRM system includes contacts, clients, contract wins and sales leads and more.

How CRM Solutions are Used Today

CRM solutions give organizations business data to help provide services or products that your customers want, offer better customer service, help sales teams to cross-sell and up-sell more effectively, close deals, retain current customers and to better understand exactly who your customers are. Organizations frequently look for ways to personalize online experiences (a process also referred to as mass customization) through tools such as help-desk software, email organizers and different types ofenterprise applications.

Is CRM Software Difficult to Use?

CRM software has typically been considered difficult to use. As an enterprise application, stability, scalability and security has been the primary focal points of CRM solutions. Usability, according to this article, was not a key part of CRM which often resulted in failed software projects, largely attributed to undue complexity.

With increased adoption of CRM applications, however, today's CRM software vendors make usability a central part of their products. To improve usability many vendors today focus on usability issues to make CRM workflow as simple and intuitive as possible, to offer navigation that can be performed in three clicks or less and to ensure CRM software is designed to suit the needs of sales teams.

The Customer Relationship Management Strategy

Customer relationship management is often thought of as a business strategy that enables businesses to improve in a number of areas. The CRM strategy allows you to to following:

·         Understand the customer

·         Retain customers through better customer experience

·         Attract new customers

·         Win new clients and contracts

·         Increase profitably

·         Decrease customer management costs

Technology Impacts CRM Strategies

Technology and the Internet have changed the way companies approach customer relationship strategies. Advances in technology have changed consumer buying behavior, and today there are many ways for companies to communicate with customers and to collect data about them. With each new advance in technology — especially the proliferation of self-service channels like the Web and smartphones — customer relationships are being managed electronically.

Many aspects of customer relationship management rely heavily on technology; however, the strategies and processes of a good CRM system will collect, manage and link information about the customer with the goal of letting you market and sell services effectively.

The Business Benefits of CRM

The biggest benefit most businesses realize when moving to a CRM system comes directly from having all your business data stored and accessed from a single location. Before CRM systems, customer data was spread out over office productivity suite documents, email systems, mobile phone data and even paper note cards and Rolodex entries. Storing all the data from all departments (e.g., sales, marketing, customer service and HR) in a central location gives management and employees immediate access to the most recent data when they need it. Departments can collaborate with ease, and CRM systems help organization to develop efficient automated processes to improve business processes.

Other benefits include a 360-degree view of all customer information, knowledge of what customers and the general market want, and integration with your existing applications to consolidate all business information.

2. Motivation

Name  : Triandika Rahman

Class   : 4EA09

NPM   : 17212470

English Business 2

 

What is motivation ?

Motivation is the word derived from the word ’motive’ which means needs, desires, wants or drives within the individuals. It is the process of stimulating people to actions to accomplish the goals. In the work goal context the psychological factors stimulating the people’s behaviour can be :

• desire for money
• success
• recognition
• job-satisfaction
• team work, etc

One of the most important functions of management is to create willingness amongst the employees to perform in the best of their abilities. Therefore the role of a leader is to arouse interest in performance of employees in their jobs. The process of motivation consists of three stages:-

1. A felt need or drive
2. A stimulus in which needs have to be aroused
3. When needs are satisfied, the satisfaction or accomplishment of goals.

Therefore, we can say that motivation is a psychological phenomenon which means needs and wants of the individuals have to be tackled by framing an incentive plan.

1. Supply Chain Management (SCM)

 

Name  : Triandika Rahman

Class   : 4EA09

NPM   : 17212470

English Business 2

What is supply chain management?

Supply chain management (SCM) is the combination of art and science that goes into improving the way your company finds the raw components it needs to make a product or service and deliver it to customers. The following are five basic components of SCM.

1. Plan—This is the strategic portion of SCM. Companies need a strategy for managing all the resources that go toward meeting customer demand for their product or service. A big piece of SCM planning is developing a set of metrics to monitor the supply chain so that it is efficient, costs less and delivers high quality and value to customers.

2. Source—Next, companies must choose suppliers to deliver the goods and services they need to create their product. Therefore, supply chain managers must develop a set of pricing, delivery and payment processes with suppliers and create metrics for monitoring and improving the relationships. And then, SCM managers can put together processes for managing their goods and services inventory, including receiving and verifying shipments, transferring them to the manufacturing facilities and authorizing supplier payments.

3. Make—This is the manufacturing step. Supply chain managers schedule the activities necessary for production, testing, packaging and preparation for delivery. This is the most metric-intensive portion of the supply chain—one where companies are able to measure quality levels, production output and worker productivity.

4. Deliver—This is the part that many SCM insiders refer to as logistics, where companies coordinate the receipt of orders from customers, develop a network of warehouses, pick carriers to get products to customers and set up an invoicing system to receive payments.

5. Return—This can be a problematic part of the supply chain for many companies. Supply chain planners have to create a responsive and flexible network for receiving defective and excess products back from their customers and supporting customers who have problems with delivered products.

What does supply chain management software do?

Supply chain management software is possibly the most fractured group of software applications on the planet. Each of the five major supply chain steps previously outlined is comprised of dozens of specific tasks, many of which have their own specific software. Some vendors have assembled many of these different chunks of software together under a single roof, but no one has a complete package that is right for every company. For example, most companies need to track demand, supply, manufacturing status, logistics (i.e. where things are in the supply chain), and distribution. They also need to share data with supply chain partners at an ever increasing rate. While products from large ERP vendors like SAP's Advanced Planner and Optimizer (APO) can perform many or all of these tasks, because each industry's supply chain has a unique set of challenges, many companies decide to go with targeted best of breed products instead, even if some integration is an inevitable consequence.

It's worth mentioning that the old adage about systems only being as good as the information that they contain applies doubly to SCM. If the information entered into a demand forecasting application is not accurate, then you will get an inaccurate forecast. Similarly, if employees bypass the supply chain systems and try to manage things manually (using the fax machine or spreadsheets), then even the most expensive systems will provide an incomplete picture of what is happening in a company's supply chain.

Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2 (tugas ke 3)

Name             : Triandika Rahman

Class              : 4 EA 09

NPM              : 17212470

  

Software as a Service?

Software as a Service is an interesting concept. It implies that, instead of purchasing the software, you are purchasing it as a service—which really means the right to use the software.

You are also (usually) purchasing a hosting and infrastructure service along with the rights to use the software. SaaS providers maintain the hardware, perform upgrades, backup your data (sometimes), and otherwise perform all of the “keep the lights on” services and activities required to keep the software running.

Imagine a typical, 1990s style software purchase:

• You buy a source code control system.
• You set up a server and install the software.
• You pay ongoing support costs: providing power to the server, keeping the server cool, applying security and operating system updates to the server.
• You pay costs associated with administering the hardware and labor costs to update and upgrade the software.
• You carry risks—a botched upgrade or a hardware failure—which can cause downtime or lost data.
• You bear the costs of designing and maintaining a secure system. Do you allow your people to access the software (on the server) from other computers on your network? Do you allow them to access the software when they are not on the network (traveling, working from home, etc.)? How do you prevent your competitors from stealing or, even worse, destroying your data?

Now imagine that you’re outsourcing all of the “keep the lights on” activities above:

• You pay an IT services firm to manage the hardware and the software for you, including the security model.
• And you just use the software.

That’s one of the benefits of purchasing SaaS. To really grasp the economics of SaaS you have to contrast it with the economics of software license purchases.

Widespread misunderstanding

There is a widespread misunderstanding about purchasing software. In the last section, we used the word “purchase,” but that isn’t completely correct. You don’t purchase a copy of the software; you purchase a restricted license to use the software.

You probably have heard the phrase “site license,” which means that you are purchasing the right for everyone in your building (or company) to use the software.

Sometimes software is sold in terms of “numbers of seats”—the number of people that are licensed to use the software at any one time. You might have 100 engineers who share ten seats (single-seat licenses) of analysis software. Since each engineer only spends about 5% of his or her time using the software, they can easily share licenses. At any given time, five engineers (on average) will need to use the software. With a license for ten simultaneous users, each engineer is likely to be able to use the software whenever he or she desires.

So, even when you think you are purchasing software, you aren’t. As with SaaS, you are purchasing the right to use the software.

Economics of software licensing

There are infinite creative ways to purchase a software license. The most common situation is that you purchase a license, and then later purchase upgrades.

An obvious example is Microsoft Office (productivity software). Microsoft releases a new version of Office every couple of years. If you own the previous version, you can purchase an upgrade for less than the cost of buying the software for the first time. You are not required to purchase an upgrade, of course, but you may want to in order to capitalize on the latest features and fixes—and to stay current. If the people with whom you work all upgrade, you may want to upgrade, too—so that you can use the documents they create. 

Microsoft does a good job of providing free utilities to read documents from the newer versions, and allowing people with newer versions to create documents that can be used by people with older versions. Microsoft, therefore, gives you a choice. They rely on market forces to create the pressure to upgrade, but you never have to upgrade.

On the other hand, Intuit, makers of Quickbooks (small business accounting software), is a little pushier. Intuit releases a new version of the software every year. Once a new version of Quickbooks is released, support for some or all of the integrated online services is dropped for older versions of the product. You can continue to use your old version, unless you want to use one of the integrated services.

When companies sell software (licenses), they usually sell a version of the software, and then make updates to that software with some frequency—anywhere from daily to annually. Companies also manage those updates as two distinct types of updates:

• Minor updates are usually free and often include bug fixes or features that were intended to be in the major release, but were delayed. Or they might just be the introduction of capabilities with “small” value to their customers. A lot of software will automatically notify you, download the update, and install it for you. That’s great service.
• Major updates usually require the purchase of an upgrade. Major updates are usually more significant; they introduce capabilities that have “large” value to their customers or are intended to make the product appealing to additional markets.

To understand the economics of software license purchases, you have to look at both the value over time and the costs over time of purchasing a software license.

To keep this simple, we’ll assume the model described previously—minor updates happen frequently and are free, and major updates require the purchase of an upgrade to the latest version of the software. We’ll also assume that every new update introduces something valuable to the customer.

A Solution for IT Issues in Hardware Management Software

Even for the most experienced IT manager or network admin, being assigned the task of creating a network inventory list of hardware can be a daunting task. After all, just think of all of the hardware devices in your office, such as computers, routers, servers, printers, and more. The task gets even more complex if you’re asked to collect a great deal of detailed information on each item. Finding the righthardware management software can help to simplify this task. But what should you look for?

Finding the right hardware management software

A good piece of hardware management software can be used to generate a detailed network inventory list in a way that meets your needs. To be truly helpful, the software should be customizable to tell you the information important to you like Windows events, hardware serial numbers, software installed on computers, hotfixes applied, and more. Really good hardware management tools will even help you save time and money by tracking software licenses for compliance reasons, and to maintain control over your bandwidth. What's more, it can even help you with loss prevention.

Hardware management tools work by collecting network inventory data on your behalf by using either a scanning agent or agentless scanner to collect data across the network.

While scanning agents need to be used on each and every computer, the benefit is that they can get around firewalls and antivirus programs, provided you set access at the admin level. In addition to having to scan every computer, scanning agents' other downside is that you have to update each computer as new versions of the software are released.

Agentless scanners can scan your network from one central location. There is no need to collect and maintain inventory data about your company's various hardware devices on your own.

By using a management software program, you can get an accurate snapshot of your network without taking up too much of your valuable time.

Key Features of IT Asset Management Systems

IT managers continually require exact information on the location, configuration, and identity of computer hardware and software. They also need access to contracts, budgets, documentation, training materials, and warranties associated with assets to properly manage them through their life cycle. Keeping up with the myriad records on IT assets can be a time-consuming and error-prone process without suitable tools to assist the effort.

IT asset management (ITAM) systems aim to reduce the labor required to satisfy these requirements while increasing the reliability and completeness of this information. The rationale for investing in ITAM systems includes cost reductions through improved purchasing, better utilization of assets, reigning in of maintenance contract and software licensing costs, and better management of the overall asset life cycle. Asset management systems can also reduce risks associated with regulatory compliance, software licensing, and security vulnerabilities. For organizations adopting IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL) best practices, deploying an asset management system coupled with a configuration management database system is often an essential first step in the process.

This Research Byte is a summary of our full report, Adoption of IT Asset Management Systems Reaching Maturity.

ITAM applications provide tools for managing the life cycle of assets, from recording purchase and installation histories, to maintaining inventories of hardware and software assets, to planning for the removal and disposal of assets. ITAM systems can be more than a repository for storing and reporting information. They can also automatically capture information on assets deployed in the environment, help manage configurations, and support monitoring of assets.

But having an accurate inventory of IT assets is not the end goal. Business value comes from fully exploiting those assets through better management. Figure 1 shows the key activities that IT managers must perform to fully realize value from an IT asset management program.

The full version of this report provides an overview of ITAM economics. We review the key activities supported by ITAM systems and key features found in leading vendor solutions. We then assess adoption trends, return on investment (ROI) experience, and total cost of ownership (TCO) experience of organizations in our annual IT technology trends survey. The data is assessed for the composite sample of 200 organizations and by organization size and sector. We conclude with our recommendations on requirements that ITAM systems should meet.

Properly applied, ITAM is usually cost-effective. Knowing precisely what equipment is owned and the current status of each item is essential. Because ITAM tracks all such components, it makes the retrieval of documentation and training easy for all organizational assets. In addition, complete visibility of hardware and software ensures legal and licensing compliance. Finally, the same visibility also simplifies achieving standardization. These benefits of ITAM, coupled with low risk and excellent economic performance, make the technology a wise choice for most companies.